Question

compare and contrast ATP synthase in the mitochondria and the chloroplast

what are the three stages of the calvin cycle and in which stages are ATP used

Answer 1

ATP synthase in mitochondria is an enzyme that creates energy storage molecule adenosine triphosphate, forming it from adenosine diphosphate and inorganic phosphate. The ATP synthase in chloroplast synthesizes ATP from adenosine diphosphate and inorganic phosphate at the expense of the electrochemical proton gradient formed by light dependent electron flow.

The three stages of Calvin cycle are : Fixation, Reduction and Regeneration. In the second stage,that is the Reduction stage, ATP and NADPH are used to reduce 3-PGA into G3P. Then ATP and NADPH are converted to ADP and NADP+