Woodpeckers in these hardwood forests can be considered
a. Allogenic ecosystem engineers because they modify the environment by mechanically changing materials/structures from one form to another
b. Allogenic ecosystem engineers because they modify the environment by modifying themselves.
c. Autogenic ecosystem engineers because they modify the environment by mechanically changing materials/structures from one form to another
d. Autogenic ecosystem engineers because they modify the environment by modifying themselves.
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