Question

Q1) An adaptation

  

A) can be developed over the lifetime of an individual

   

B) is a genetically based trait that enhances survival and reproduction (i.e., fitness) in a given environment

   

C) evolves via genetic change in individuals, not in populations

   

D) cannot occur if allele frequencies in a population change

Q2) Sometimes individuals migrate from one population into another population and mate there; with respect to population genetics, this is called

  

A) genetic drift

   

B) gene flow

   

C) a genetic bottleneck

   

D) disruptive selection

   

E) adaptation

Q 3 ) Which of the following is likely to result in decreased genetic variation in a population?

  

A) genetic drift

   

B) stabilizing selection

   

C) bottleneck effect

   

D) artificial selection

   

E) all of the other answers are correct

Q4) Fractionation of, or discrimination against, the stable isotope ¹³C occurs in physiological reactions such as photosynthesis because

  

^{A) 13}C diffuses more slowly and is heavier than ¹²C

  

B) plants cannot use any molecules of ¹³C for photosynthesis

  

C) C4 plants such as corn do not use any CO₂ for photosynthesis

  

^{D) 13}C decays very rapidly

Q5) Humans are often biased, or limited in understanding, in their view of the physical world because

A) many ecological processes occur on time scales longer than human life spans

B) many ecological, physical, and chemical processes occur on spatial scales larger than humans normally experience in their daily activities

C) organisms that are smaller (or larger) than humans effectively experience a different physical and biotic environment than do humans

D) all of the other answers are correct

Q6) India and most of Asia have plants and animals that are evolutionarily quite distant from one another because

A) their different latitudes and hence different climates have led to divergence

B) until recently (in geological terms), the land masses have been physically separated for over 100 million years

C) there is little land in the southern hemisphere at latitudes corresponding to most of Asia

D) India is a result of subduction, whereas the rest of Asia is a result of orogenous zones

E) all of the other answers are correct

Answer 1