Fermentation is defined as the process of breakdown of substrates into simpler substances having economic value. A carbon source is used as a substrate for fermentation and carbon dioxide is released as a result of it. Therefore; it provides a convenient way of measuring how much fermentation has taken place. It is necessary to work with cell-free yeast extract and intact yeast cells during fermentation to reduce the production of unwanted cellular by products which could cause a hindrance to the production process as well as in downstream processing.
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