Question

1. Which one of the following diseases is most likely to be eradicated? A. syphilis B. pertussis C. dracunculiasis D. varicella _____

2. Which one of the following toxins has the smallest lethal dose? A. cholera B. botulinum C. erythrogenic D. tetanus _____3. All of the following are types of exotoxins except A. superantigens B. membrane-disrupting toxin C. Lipid A D. A-B toxin _____4. All of the following are true about endotoxins except A. stimulate release of high concentrations of cytokines B. heat stable C. usually associated with gram positive bacteria D. produce fever _____5. The test employed to detect the presence of endotoxin is the A. ELISA B. limulus amoebocyte assay C. Western blotting D. serology _____6. All of the following are instrumental in nosocomial infections except A. microorganisms in the hospital B. vaccination schedule of patient C. chain of transmission D. compromised state of patient _____7. A patient is experiencing nausea, headache and vertigo. These are called the A. symptoms B. signs C. syndrome D. disease _____8. The manner which a disease progresses is called A. etiology B. infection C. virulence D. pathogenesis _____9. Which one of the following organisms will last the longest time period in the body? A. opportunistic B. normal flora C. transient D. free-living _____10. Which one of the following stages of a disease occurs first? A. prodromal B. incubation C. syndrome D. convalescence

Answer 1

Answer 1- c) dracunculiasis

Reason- guinea worm disease, a drastic decresae in the cases has been reported(99.99%) to only 22 in 2015, thus it is on its way to be eradicated

Answer 2- c) erythrogenic

Reason- It releases massive amounts of host cytokines and they are all highly lethal

Answer 3- c) lipid A

Reason:- exotoxins are of three types :- superantigens (Type I toxins), exotoxins that damage host cell membranes (Type II toxins) and A-B toxins (Type III toxin)

Answer 4- d) produces fever

Reason - endotoxins are heat stable and produces high concentration of cytokines in response to inflammation. They are usually associated with gram positive bacteria.