When a protein is denatured it loses its original 3D structure and therefore its function. Wide Changes in Temperature and pH cause proteins to denatured.
Proteins are complex folded molecules that help catalyse a biochemical reaction by binding the substrate/s by their specific folded structure for the reaction. This specific binding lowers the energy threshold for the reaction.
When the shape of a protein changes it loses its ability to bind the substrate and thus loses its function of catalysis.
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