Question

Second messengers in signal transduction pathways: a) What are they? b) Provide two examples of second...

Second messengers in signal transduction pathways:
a) What are they?
b) Provide two examples of second messengers
c) In which signal transduction pathway is each of these observed?

Homework Answers

Answer #1

a) Second messengers are intracellular signalling molecules produced by the cell in response to exposure to extracellular signalling molecules. Second messengers serve to transmit signals from a receptor to a target inside the cell. They also serve to amplify the strength of the signal.

b) Cyclic AMP (cAMP) and Calcium ions.

c) cAMP is involved in cAMP dependent pathway also known as adenylyl cyclase pathway. It is a signalling cascade that involves G protein coupled receptor that is used in cell communication.

Calcium ions are involved in phospholipase C pathway.

Know the answer?
Your Answer:

Post as a guest

Your Name:

What's your source?

Earn Coins

Coins can be redeemed for fabulous gifts.

Not the answer you're looking for?
Ask your own homework help question
Similar Questions
Phospholipase C is a common second messenger in many signal transduction pathways. What does it do?...
Phospholipase C is a common second messenger in many signal transduction pathways. What does it do? Cleaves a target protein to generate two signaling peptides Generates two messengers, IP3 and DAG, from membrane phospholipids Transfers a phosphate group to a membrane phospholipid, which activates other messengers Transfers a phosphate group to a membrane phospholipid, activating it The extracellular matrix plays a role in all of the following processes EXCEPT: osmosis cell metabolism hormone signaling cell death
Conserved domains in signal transduction pathways: a) What is a domain? b) List three domains commonly...
Conserved domains in signal transduction pathways: a) What is a domain? b) List three domains commonly found in signal transduction and briefly describe each one
7. Which of the following statements about second messengers is false? (a) Ca2+ ions and cAMP...
7. Which of the following statements about second messengers is false? (a) Ca2+ ions and cAMP are examples of second messengers (b) They are used as intracellular signals in signal transduction pathways, following activation of a receptor. (c) They are produced in very small amounts following cell activation, and are difficult to detect experimentally. (d) They activate other molecules, such as kinases (e) There are mechanisms that enable the messages to be “turned off” after they are generated
Signal transduction pathways are central to the regulation of cellular processes. Which of the following statements...
Signal transduction pathways are central to the regulation of cellular processes. Which of the following statements is not true of signal transduction pathways? Group of answer choices Signal transduction pathways typically involve the activation of protein kinases and protein phosphatases. When a hormone binds to a G-protein-coupled receptor, a conformational change in the receptor activates the associated GTP-binding protein. Intracelluar second messenger molecules include cGMP, calcium ions and inositol trisphosphate. A receptor protein has an extracellular domain that is responsible...
Which of the following is (are) not characteristics of the pathways activated by second messengers? Some...
Which of the following is (are) not characteristics of the pathways activated by second messengers? Some phosphatases and protein kinases in the pathway have numerous proteins as their substrates; others act on only a single protein substrate or a single amino acid of a protein substrate. Alterations in the conformations of signaling proteins are often accomplished by protein kinases and protein phosphatases that, respectively, add or remove phosphate groups from other proteins. Each protein in the pathway typically acts by...
What properties of the second messengers result in amplification and spread of intracellular signal? Question options:...
What properties of the second messengers result in amplification and spread of intracellular signal? Question options: A) They diffuse rapidly B) their quantity increases quickly C) Their concentration is normally low D) Their concentration is already high in the cell prior to the signal
After a signal binds to a signal receptor, the next step is transduction. Why is the...
After a signal binds to a signal receptor, the next step is transduction. Why is the signal transduction step necessary?     A. Transmission of the signal through multiple relay molecules before activating an effector is not efficient. B. The more molecules that share the responsibility of passing the signal to activate the effector the more quickly and efficiently the message can spread. C. The signal transduction pathway is not necessary since the signal can directly activate the effector. D. The...
4. What is the difference between a tyrosine kinase and a serine/threonine kinase? (a)  One is involved...
4. What is the difference between a tyrosine kinase and a serine/threonine kinase? (a)  One is involved in signal transduction and one is not. (b)  One adds phosphate groups to proteins, the other removes them. (c)  One adds phosphate groups to proteins, the other adds phosphate groups to sugars. (d)  One is used in animals, the other in plants. (e)  They add phosphate groups to different amino acid side chains in proteins. 5.  Kinase cascades are useful in signal transduction because: (a)  they are species specific (b)  they...
G-protein coupled receptors are examples of what type of effector pathway? A. Slow effector pathways B....
G-protein coupled receptors are examples of what type of effector pathway? A. Slow effector pathways B. Rapid effector pathways C. NMDA glutamate receptor pathways D. Modulated effector pathways
Question 3: Diagnose a novel set of signal transduction pathways (8 pts) You isolate cells from...
Question 3: Diagnose a novel set of signal transduction pathways (8 pts) You isolate cells from the brain of a mouse, and work to characterize them. In your first experiments you grow your cells in a petri dish, and add various signals to the petri dish and determine how the cells respond. You get the following information. Assume there are no other genes or signals beyond what is mentioned. Hint: sometimes it helps to sketch the signal pathways first, and...
ADVERTISEMENT
Need Online Homework Help?

Get Answers For Free
Most questions answered within 1 hours.

Ask a Question
ADVERTISEMENT