Question

II. FILL-IN QUESTIONS

1. The three stages of aerobic respiration are ________________________________,

      _____________________________ and _________________________________.

2.   Microorganisms that are able to respire oxidatively or fermentatively are called

    ___________________________________. An example of such an organism is

      _________________________________. When they grow aerobically they produce

      _____________ ATPs and when they are anaerobic they produce _________ ATPs.

3.   Chemoheterotrophs are able to use _____________________________as a source of

      __________________ and carbon, whereas photoautotrophs are able to use     

      ______________________ as a source of _____________________ and

      ______________________ as a source of carbon.

4. Prokaryotes and eukaryotes replicate their DNA using the enzyme ____________________

      ______________________________.

5. In the process of protein synthesis the DNA code is __________________________

     into messenger RNA using the enzyme ____________________________________.

     The mRNA is then ______________________________ into a protein using amino acids          

     that are brought there using ____________________________. This takes place on the

     organelle called the _____________________.   

6.   If the triplet of bases in the DNA is AGT, then the complementary bases in the mRNA

      will be ________ . This sequence of bases in the mRNA is called the _______________.

7. The antibiotic penicillin inhibits the cell wall synthesis of only____________________ bacteria.

8. A permanent inheritable alteration in the DNA is called a __________________________.

Answer 1

ANS (4) DNA polymerase

EXPLANATION-DNA polymerase is the enzyme used by prokaryotes and eukaryotes in order to replicate(making copies) their DNA. In prokaryotic organism DNA polymerase 3 is used wherein the eukaryotic organism 3 DNA polymerase enzymes are used named - DNA polymerase alpha, DNA polymerase epsilon, and DNA polymerase delta.

• In prokaryotes the DNA polymerase replicates the DNA in 5' to 3' direction by attaching the 1000 nucleotides per second by using the DNA template strand.
• In eukaryotes the DNA polymerase replicates or synthesize the DNA   from 5' to 3' direction.