Question

1.) Heat is widely used as a means of sterilization and it works by denaturing macromolecules such as proteins and lipids. T or F

2.) The term virulence refers to the ability of a host cell to defend itself by using innate systems like the interferon system. T or F

3.) Ionizing radiation can be used as a means of sterilization because it kills microbes by inducing DNA modifications like pyrimidine dimers. T or F

4.) Antiviral drugs like AZT are protease inhibitors which blocks viral protein modification. T or F

5.) Ribosomal RNA sequencing is utilized to create phylogenetic relationships between organisnms due to the fact these genes are some conserved throughout evolution. T or F

Answer 1

Answer:-

1. True. Dry (hot air oven) and moist heat (autoclaving) is used to sterlize many things such as surgical equipments in hospitals and also laboratory equipments.

2. False. Virulence is the term given to the ability of a pathogen (virus, bacteria etc) to cause disease.

3. True. Sterilization of materials like plastics (which cannot be autoclaved) can be done by exposing it to ultraviolet radiation. Exposure by uv rays causes mutations such as pyrimidine dimers.

4. False. AZT is a thymidine analogue. AZT's mechanism of action involves selectively inhibiting HIV's reverse transcriptase, the enzyme that the virus uses to make a DNA copy of its RNA.

5. True. 16s rRNA is conserved in various species throughout evolution and is thus used as a tool for creating phylogenetic relationships among different organisms.