Question 12 pts
Normal flora microbes inhabiting the upper respiratory tract can become pathogenic.
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Question 22 pts
Neutrophils are actively phagocytic and the most numerous of the leukocytes circulating in the blood.
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Question 32 pts
Shingles is a condition that develops with the reactivation of the latent varicella virus.
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Question 42 pts
An important function of Staphylococcus on the skin is to prevent colonization of pathogens.
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Question 52 pts
Endotoxins are integral parts of the outer membrane of the enteric (intestinal) bacteria.
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Question 62 pts
Humans are the only source for the common cold virus and close contact is needed for transmission.
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Question 72 pts
Inactivated vaccines retain the antigenic epitope.
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Question 82 pts
The epitope is the region of an antigen recognized by antibodies.
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Question 92 pts
Warts are caused by a virus contracted from exposure to amphibians or persons previously exposed to amphibians.
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Question 102 pts
Archea bacteria have peptidoglycan in their cell wall.
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Question 112 pts
Upon initial encounter, it takes nearly two weeks to produce detectable antibodies to an antigen.
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Question 122 pts
Antibiotic treatment can sometimes lead to opportunistic infections.
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Question 132 pts
The mucociliary escalator helps keep the lungs free of microorganisms.
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Question 142 pts
Opsonization enhances phagocytosis by coating a particle with either complement or antibodies.
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Question 152 pts
Natural passive immunity occurs when an antiserum, produced by other people or animals, is introduced into the body.
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Question 162 pts
Gram negative cells have a very thick layer of peptidoglycan surrounded by an outer membrane.
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Question 172 pts
Covid-19 can be described as a naked virus.
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Question 182 pts
Prokaryotes do not have membrane-bound organelles.
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Question 192 pts
In the Type I - Immediate IgE Mediated hypersensitivity, an individual can have a severe reaction upon initial exposure to an antigen.
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Question 202 pts
With the Type III secretion system, microbes 'inject' chemicals directly into the target cell.
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Question 212 pts
People with teeth may have Streptococcus mutans as part of their mouth flora.
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Question 222 pts
The disease Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever is transmitted by a biological vector.
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Question 232 pts
T-cells produce antibodies against specific antigens.
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Question 242 pts
T-cells never interact with free antigens, the antigen must be presented.
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Question 252 pts
Covid-19 transmission can be classified as transmission by droplet nuclei.
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Question 262 pts
If an antimicrobial targets peptidoglycan then it will have a low therapeutic index.
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Question 272 pts
The fixing of nitrogen is one of the vital activities carried out by bacteria.
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Question 12 pts: True
Question 22 pts: True
Question 32 pts: True
Question 42 pts: True
Question 52 pts: True
Question 62 pts: False
Question 72 pts: True
Question 82 pts: True
Question 92 pts: True
Question 102 pts: False
Question 112 pts: True
Question 122 pts: True
Question 132 pts: True
Question 142 pts: True
Question 152 pts: True
Question 162 pts: False
Question 172 pts: False
Question 182 pts: True
Question 192 pts: True
Question 202 pts: True
Question 212 pts: True
Question 222 pts: True
Question 232 pts: False
Question 242 pts: True
Question 252 pts: False
Question 262 pts: False
Question 272 pts: True
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