Question

1. Your dog has eaten a large quantity of very salty (NaCl) chips. How will your dog rid its body of this high salt load? Make sure your answer includes discussion of: blood pressure; hormones; filtration; reabsorption; secretion and elimination.

Answer 1

when consumed high amount of salt the blood pressure will be increased 10% .our kidney filter morethan 120 quarts of blood each day. They pull toxins and unwanted fluid from cells throughout the body then send to bladder. Eating too much salt can make it harder for your kidneys to remove fluid, which builds up in your system and increase your blood pressure.

changing salt intake that affect both aldosterone and glucocorticoids which are responsible for body's salt and water balance.high consumation of salt increase the glucocoticoid levels,cause muscle and liver to burn more energy to produce urea, which was then used in the kidney for water conservation.

urine formed in three main steps glomerular filtration, reabsorption and secretion. osmoregulation is the process of maintaining homeostasis of the body. it faciliate diffusion of solutes and water across the semipermeable membrane therby maintaining osmotic balance.the kidney regulate the blood through filtration and purification by process known as osmoregulation

Excahnce the materials and regulate the osmolarity involve counter current exchange. this mechanism involve three factors

1. active transport of solutes by the thick ascending limb of henle's loop

2. maintaince of the difference between the ascending and decending limbs with respect to their permeabilities to water and Nacl

3. the U- shaped configration of Henle's loop which facilities a counter current flow of the tubular fluid

The decending limb of Henle's loop is permeable to osmotic outflow of water and the passive inward diffusion of Nacl, although it doesnot actively transport Nacl. so the water flow outward from less concentrated glomerular filtrate to more concentrated peritubular fluid, and Nacl diffuse inward in the opposite direction.

Ascending limb imperable to water but it serve active site for outward transport of Nacl from glomerular filtrate to peritubular fluid. This active transport result in an increase in solute concentration or osmolarity in the peritubular fluid .The glomerular filtrate become progressively less concentrated or less osmolar by losing Nacl as it flows upward in the ascending limb.