Question

Which of the following are true about the way that bacteria avoid being eliminated by the immune system?

A. Many bacteria have substances on their surface that block their engulfment by the phagocytes.

B. Most bacteria live inside individual cells, and can be transmitted directly from one cell to the next,

C. Most bacterua are constantly changing the proteins on their outside layer so that they phagocytes can't recognize them.

D. Some bacteria make special proteins to kill the phagocytes.

E. Some bacteria cover the surface of the bacterial cell so that the phagocytes (and antibodies) can't recognize them.

Answer 1

A,C,D and E options are correct about the way that helps bacteria avoid being eliminated by the immune system. Many bacteria have substance like exotoxins which inhibits phagocytosis. Many bacteria modulate their cell surfaces so that they do not get recognised by the host immune system. Some bacteria release proteins to degrade the host immune factors and get escape. Some bacteria mimicks the host molecule so that they cannot distinguish between self and non self molecules.