Question

1. Why is the incidence of otitis media higher in children?

	A.	Anatomic differences in the eustachian tubes of children
	B.	Sharing of food and toys
	C.	Improper hand washing techniques
	D.	Underdeveloped immune systems

2. Following are the most common community-acquired lower respiratory pathogens, except:

	A.	S pneumonia.
	B.	Viruses.
	C.	H influenzae
	D.	Moraxella catarrhalis

3. Lower respiratory infections are thought to be most often caused by Candida albicans.

True

False

4. When pus is present, this is known as:

	A.	Empyema
	B.	Effusion.
	C.	Emesis.
	D.	Sputum

5. Which of the following is not a risk factor for HCAP:

		A, residence in nursing home or long-term care facility
		B, recent hospitalization for 2 or more days in the past 2 months.
		C, hemodialysis or infusion therapy
		D, having contact with family members with MDR pathogens

Answer 1

1. A. Anatomic differences in the eustachian tubes of children

Acute otitis media means inflammation of the middle ear. This is a condition in which there is blockage of eusthachian tube of the ear. Children are particularly pre-disposed to this condition because, their eustachian tube is shorter, wider and more horizontal as compared to adults, which increases the chances of their eustachian tube to get blocked and the infection to start.

2. Moraxella catarrhalis

Most common community-acquired lower respiratory pathogens are virus like Inflenza virus A and bacterias like S.pneumonia, H. inflenza, K. pneumonia, S.aureus, Mycoplasma pneumoniae etc.

3. False.

Candida albicans causing lower respiratory infections is very rare, but candida albicans can cause candida pneumonia in critically ill patients or HIV patients. Candida albicans are not the most common cause for lower respiratory tract infection, instead the main pathogens are bacteria and virus.

4. A. Empyema

Empyema is the collection of pus in plueral cavity due to infections like pneumonia caused by bacteria.

5. D.  Having contact with family members with MDR pathogens

Health care associated pneumonia is the pneumonia that a patient develops within 3 months of his visit or admission to a nursing home or hospital or by going to a hemodialysis center or by getting antibiotics, chemotherapy or wound care within the last 30 days.