Question

Please answer both

1) What is the process of importing free DNA into bacterial cells?

a- transformation

b- transduction

c- transposition

d- conjugation

2) Which of the following is NOT a good characteristic of a molecular clock and its use in producing a phylogenetic tree?

a- The molecular clock has the same function across all species being compared.

b- The average mutation rate remains constant among species and across generations

c- The molecular clock can be transmitted vertically or horizontally.

d- The molecular clock can be transmitted vertically or horizontally.

Answer 1

The process of importing free DNA into bacterial cells is called as Transformation. This newly taken DNA by the bacteria is either integrated into the genome or exist as a plasmid.

Molecular clock is also referred as Evolutionary clock or gene clock where it measures the number of changes or mutations which accumulate over the time on gene sequences. The following characteristic which is NOT a good characteristic of a molecular clock and its use in producing a phylogenetic tree is : The average mutation rate remains constant among species and across generations.