Question

How do bacteria protect themselves against infecting bacteriophages? Name and describe both a non-specific and a specific mechanism!

Answer 1

A specific mechanism of protection against the bacteriophage is : CRISPR-Cas mechanism of adaptive immune system. This mechanism allows the bacteria to have a copy of DNA or RNA that will act as a control and will be compared with the foreign DNA or RNA of the virus. If the bacterial extra copy of DNA or RNA does not match the foreign genetic material, the viral DNA or RNA will be cut off

A non specific or first line defense mechanism of the bacteria from the viral attack is by having restriction enzymes. These enzymes will recognise and cut the foreign DNA or RNA and prevent the reproduction of the viral material within the bacterial host.