Question

Translation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes are generally similar but there are some distinct differences that occur in each. Compare translocation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes as it pertains to location of translation, Ribosome size (overall and subunits), initial binding of mRNA to the ribosome, selection of the start codon, elongation rate, termination of translation, and whether or not translation is coupled to transcription.

Answer 1

The translation is a type of biological process where a sequence of mRNA is translated into the sequence of the amino acid at the time of protein synthesis.

There is some difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic translation :

1)Location of translation: a)prokaryotic: In the case of prokaryotic cell translation is held in in the cytoplasm

b)eukaryotic: In the case of eukaryotic cell translation is held in the outside of the nucleus

2)Ribosome Size: a)for the prokaryotic cell it is the 70s(50s larger subunit and 30s small subunit) and size 20nm

b)for the eukaryotic it in the 80s (60s larger subunit and 40s small subunit) and size 25nm-30nm

3)initial binding of mRNA to the ribosome :

a)In the case of prokaryotic translation 5' side of the mRNA is bind with the ribosome

b)In the case of eukaryotic translation after transcription primary transcript move to the cytoplasm , then mRNA binds with the cytoplasmic ribosome

4)Selection of start codon :

a)In the case of prokaryotic translation start codon is generally AUG , but sometimes GUG or UUG

b)In the case of eukaryotic translation start codon is generally AUG , but sometimes GUG or CUG

5)Elongation rate :

a)In the case of prokaryotic translation, it is 15-20 amino acids /sec(45-60 nucleotides/sec)

b)In the case of eukaryotic translation, it is 2 amino acid /sec(6 nucleotide /sec)

6)Termination :

a)In the case of prokaryotic translation, it is facilitated by some release factors , such as FS1, FS2, FS3

b)In the case of eukaryotic translation, it is facilitated by just only one release factor which is eRF1

7) a)For prokaryotic it is coupled because prokaryotic translation and mRNA synthesis happened together

b)For eukaryotic not coupled , it occurs in the cytoplasm and transcription outside of the nucleus