Question

True of False. Please remember that all parts of the sentence must be True for the sentence to be deemed True (50 marks)

		True or False?
1	Pichia stipitis is a yeast capable of making yeast from wood carbohydrates, and the nucleus of prokaryotes is the only gene sequence in the cell
2	Liquid nutrients are supplied to cells in a Petri dish, and a piece of skin has only one type of human cells
3	Stem cells will differentiate into many types of animal cells, and a piece of plant leaf can produce a whole plant (in the right conditions)
4	Viruses are obligate parasites, and all photosynthetic microbes are algae
5	Methanogens are archaebacteria, and yeasts are fungi
6	Microorganisms are prokaryotes, and all microorganisms are multicellular
7	Eukaryotes have a cell wall, and some prokaryotes have a cell wall
8	Eubacteria are eukaryotes, and the average size of viruses is 0.03-0.2 x 10-6m (0.03-0.2 µm)
9	The average size of a prokaryote is 0.5-3 x 10-6m, and cyanobacteria are eukaryotes called algae
10	Animal cells have no cell wall, and sterols are present in cell membranes of eukaryotes
11	Animal cells reproduce sexually, and eukaryotes by fission
12	Respiration and oxidative phosphorylation occur in mitochondria, and protein modifications (N-linked glycosylation) occur in the rough endoplasmic reticulum
13	Lipid synthesis in prokaryotes occur in the smooth ER, and ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis
14	Lysosomes, peroxisomes and glyoxysomes are only present in eukaryotes
15	N-linked glycosylation of proteins occurs in the rough ER, and O-linked glycosylation of proteins occurs in the Golgi body (complex; apparatus)
16	Some prokaryotes and all eukaryotes have vacuoles
17	Both photosynthetic bacteria and eukaryotes have chloroplasts to perform photosynthesis
18	Molds grown in submerged cultures can produce aggregates 10 times the size of the filamentous form growing n moist, solid surfaces
19	Fungi are yeasts, and all eukaryotes have vacuoles
20	Using a 20-nm pore size filter for a bacterial solution contaminated by bacteriophages, healthy bacteria will remain on the filter and the viruses will all be found in the filtrate
21	The glycosylation of proteins changes the protein structure, function and stability
22	Totipotent cells can differentiate to make a complete organism, and unipotent cells can only reproduce their own type of cells
23	In a batch fermentation, the product is recovered in small amounts along the fermentation
24	Cyanobacteria are eukaryotes capable of using light energy, and Agrobacterium tumefaciens infects plant roots
25	Gram-positive cells have strong cell walls containing peptidoglycans, and Gram-negative cells appear pink because they lost the violet stain (of the first step of the technique) during the second step

Answer 1

1. False. Pichia stipitis is an ascomycetous yeast which is used for fermenting xylose to ethanol but in prokaryotes nucleus is not the only gene sequence as ribosomes and other cellular organelles also have their gene sequence.

2. False. In large bioreactors nutrient cannot be supplied through petri dish. Also human skin has different kind of cells namely Merkel cells, epidermal cells, Langerhans cells and others.

3. False. Stem cells are pluripotent cells as they can form any kind of cells however leaf cell cannot form the different kind of cells and tissues.

4. False. Virus are obligate parasites as they require host cells to perform their functions and survive whereas photosynthetic organisms can be cyanobacteria, protists and others.

5. True

6. True