Question

Since in mammals, advanced cognition is usually correlated with a large and very convoluted neocortex, how can birds, which have no such structure, be capable of sophisticated processing?
        A) They have a more advanced cerebellum.
        B) They have a pallium with several flat layers.
        C) They have a pallium with neurons clustered into nuclei.
        D) They have microvilli to increase the brainʹs surface area
        E) They have Pallium which is very big

47) In ______________ blood vessel is glucose concentration likely to vary the most. This vessel goes from one organ to another bypassing the heart. These kind of blood vessels are also called _______________?
        A) abdominal artery-- systemic circulation
        B) coronary arteries-- pulmonary circulation
        C) Hepatic vein --portal circulation
        D) Pulmonary veins—pulmonary circulation
        E) Hepatic vein- Systemic circulation

Answer 1

They have a pallium with neurons clustered into nuclei.

• the neurons in avian brains are much smaller and more densely packed than those in mammalian brain
• Not only are neurons packed into the brains of avians at a much higher density than in primate brains, but the proportion of neurons in the forebrain is also significantly higher

47. Hepatic vein, portal circulation

• The hepatic portal vein is the primary vein that is linked to the liver.

• The hepatic portal vein carries 75 percent of blood to the liver.

• It supplies glucose-rich blood to the liver from the digestive tract and spleen.

• The glucose-rich blood is processed by the liver and then sent back to the heart through the hepatic veins.

• Therefore, the glucose concentration changes in the hepatic veins the most.