Question

1. Define the following terms.

1. Mutation

2. Base (pair) substitution

3. Missense mutation

4. Nonsense mutation

5. Silent mutation

6. Frameshift mutation

Answer 1

Mutation - change or alteration of any kind in sequence of DNA including nucleotide number or nucleotide structure.

Base substitution - one kind of nucleotide is changed by other.

Missense mutation - exchange of amino acid by another amino acid due to point mutation which change codon.

Nonsense mutation - it is type of point mutation in which amino acid triplet codon change into stop codon and cause premature termination of transcription.

Silent mutation - type of point mutation in which codon triplet code for same amino acid due to degenerate property of codons.

Frameshift mutation - insertion or deletion of nucleotide which change reading frame of codons and shift in frame of codons is called Frameshift mutation.