Question

11. Which is the correct statement regarding the complement cascade? A. The complement cascade is considered...

11. Which is the correct statement regarding the complement cascade?

A. The complement cascade is considered adaptive immunity because it requires antibodies for activation

B. The classical, lectin and alternative activation pathways involve the hydrolysis of the C3 protein

C. The complement cascade promotes inflammation through the formation of the membrane attack complex

D. C5a protein is recruited and opsonizes pathogens

E. All of the above

F. None of the above

14. Which of the following is true regarding inflammation?

A. Immediately after injury, during acute inflammation, vasodilation occurs to deliver leukocytes to the site

B. Pus is generally produced during inflammation by macrophages

C. Granulomas are pockets of infected tissue that are walled off by WBCs in acute inflammation

D. Bradykinin and histamine are cellular defenses that allow entry of WBCs and fluid into site of infection

15. Which of the following is true regarding artificial immunity?

A. Artificial immunity can only be obtained through vaccination

B. Herd immunity protects only those who can receive a vaccination

C. Live attenuated vaccines are the best because they stimulate the strongest immune response

D. Adjuvants help stimulate a stronger immune response to an antigen

16.Which of the following is true?

A. The severity of disease depends only on the activity of the pathogen

B. Primary pathogens always have higher virulence than opportunistic pathogens

C. A pathogen’s virulence is determined by it’s unique set of virulence factors

D. All of the above

E. None of the above

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Homework Answers

Answer #1

Ans 11) the correct option is C.

Insertion of membrane attack complex into nucleated host cells doesnot result in lysis but causes tissue injury which further leads to inflammation, thus promoting inflammation.

Ans 14) the correct option is B.

Puss is produced during inflammation by Macrophages as these macrophages release cytokines which trigger neutrophils which is the main content of puss.

Ans 15) the correct option is D.

The statement is true because adjuvants are added to a vaccine to boost or stimulate the immune against a an antigen.

Ans 16) the correct option is D. All of the above.

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