Question

How can DNA restriction patterns be used to show genetic variation within populations?

Answer 1

DNA restriction patterns refer to the patterns that are generated by the action of the restriction enzymes on the DNA. Restriction enzyme work by recognizing a consensus sequence that is specific to each enzyme and can be of length between 4-8 base pairs. They then generate a double-stranded break at such sites. When a DNA sample treated with restriction enzyme is run on an agarose gel using agarose gel electrophoresis, a pattern of bands is obtained.

As the DNA exhibits variations across the population, the pattern and the number of restriction sites on the DNA changes. As a result, a different banding pattern is now obtained and hence using these different DNA restriction patterns, the genetic variation in the population can be studied.