Question

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What is the hydrophobic effect? Explain how the hydrophobic effect contributes to protein folding?

Answer 1

The hydrophobic effect is produced by non-polar substances that aggregate together when placed in an aqueous environment. This excludes water from the hydrophobic environment and maximizes hydrogen bonding within water molecules and strengthens the hydrop[hobic interaction and also minimizes the area of contact between water and nonpolar molecules.

The hydrophobic effect is considered to be the major driving force for the folding of globular proteins. It results in the burial of the hydrophobic residues in the core of the protein so there is maximum interaction possessed by hydrophobic residues with the exclusion of water.  This is important in keeping a protein stable and biologically active because it allows the protein to decrease in the surface area and reduce the undesirable interactions with water.