Question

Pick one of the best answers below - thank you

The Terrestrial secondary ecological succession occurs:

1. Where soil and vegetation are absent

2. Where soil but no vegetation is present

3. Where there is bare rock

4. After glacial retreat

Which of these strategies is not a way in which herbivores deal with plant defenses?

1. glandular trichomes

2. high-crowned teeth resistant to wear

3. long, complex digestive tracts

4. detoxification of plant chemical defenses

How do prey populations avoid extinction?

1. Heterogeneous environment, refuges and specificity

2. Homogeneous environment, refuges and dispersal

3. Heterogeneous environment, refuges and dispersal

4. Homogeneous environment, refuges and specificity

Ecological restoration is the process of:

1. removing introduced pests.

2. assisting the recovery of a degraded ecosystem.

3. planting trees to make a forest.

4. returning an ecosystem to its original state.

Which of the following statements about trophic interactions is CORRECT?

1. The main source of primary production in all ecosystems is initiated through the decomposition pathway.

2. All of the world's oceans are iron limited environments which severely limits phyoplankton production and subsequent zooplankton populations.

3. Movement of energy through the foodchain is limited with only 10% of energy transferred from the primary producers to the herbivores.

4. The movement of nutrients through terrestrial foodwebs is considerably more efficient than through aquatic foodwebs.

Systems that have moderate levels of disturbance are usually more resilient. What is this concept called?

1. Density-dependent regulation

2. Secondary succession

3. Intermediate disturbance hypothesis

4. Primary succession

When considering population connectivity, emigration is most often triggered by ______ but this depends on an organisms ability to ______, and the availability of ______.

1. abiotic factors; breed; light

2. resource availability; disperse; habitat

3. prey availability; swim; resources

4. potential mates; fly; food

Answer 1

a ) 2 where soil but no vegetation is not present ..

Secondary succession is the type of succession that occurs when an area experiences a disturbance like fire ,harvesting etc that alters the existing ecosystem but does not destroy all the specie .The remaining soil and organisms help to establishing a new ecosystem.

b) 1 Glandular trichomes

Glandular trichomes are the protection barrier that is used by plants to protect themselves from herbivores.

c) 3 Heterogenous environment ,refuges and dispersal

d) 2 assisting the recovery of a degraded ecosystem.

Ecological restoration is the process of assisting the recover of an ecosystem that has been degraded or destroyed .It can be by it can be by removing the invasive species or alteration of landforms and changing the water parameters etc.

e) 3 Movement of energy through the food chain is limited with only 10 percent of energy transferred to herbivores from the primary producers.

This the rule of thumb that only 10 percent of energy is transferred in trophic succession.

f) 3 Intermediate disturbance hypothesis

According to this hypothesis the local species diversity is maximized when ecological disturbance is intermediate that is in between .

g) 2 Resource availability , disperse ,habitat.

Now emigration is the process in which organism enter a new habitat in search of food and resources and optimal climate .This is also dependent on the organisms capability to disperse and availability of habitat.