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The loss of Smad4 coupled with the loss of PTEN is not common in human cancers...

  1. The loss of Smad4 coupled with the loss of PTEN is not common in human cancers because both mutations lead to suppression of TGF-b signals.

A) True

B) False

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Answer #1

Transforming Growth factor suppresses tumor formation. but the tumor suppressive function is lost by inactivation of Smad4. TGF b can activate non-smad pathways like PI3K/AKT pathway. Phosphatase and Tension homolog (PTEN) acts as a negative regulator of PI3K/AKT pathway. Inactivation of PTEN leads to hyperactivation of AKT signalling and increase the risk of cancer development. TGF b acts as a tumor promoter in advanced prostate cancer cells. PI3 kinase pathway mediates the TGF b effects on prostate cancer cell migration. PTEN inhibits PI3K pathways and is mutated in prostate cancers. Hence the answer is true as mutations in both Smad4 and PTEN suppress TGF-b signals

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