Question

Describe the correlation of the following cell structures or cellular processes with the establishment of microbial infections. Some of these may aid in the infection process, some of the host structures could be used by microbes to establish disease, and some of these could be used by the microbe to resist the immune system or antimicrobial chemotherapy.You should describe ALL the items listed below.

A. Microbial Cell: 1) Fimbriae and Pili 2) Flagella 3 Active transport (efflux pumps) 4) Plasmids 5) Ribosomes 8) Endospores

B. Host cell: 1) Cytoskeleton 2) Host ribosome 3) Endocytosis

Answer 1

1. Fimbrae and pili are involved in attachment of bacterial cell to host;s surface. They allow pathogens to attach to tissues and resist attack by phagocytic WBCs.
2. Flagella majorly helps in the motility of microbes. This can play an essential role in colonization by facilitating bacterial motility even if the flagella does not directly participate in adhesion.
3. Active transport reduces the minimal inhibitory concentration more than 100-fold. It therefore, lowers the risk of antibiotic toxicity, as molecules move from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration.
4. Plasmids provide resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. Several experiments showed that the resistance to antibiotics of Gram-negative bacteria causing infections was frequently multiple and determined by transmissible plasmids.

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