Question

1. What features of the urinary tract prevent infection?

2. What features of the reproductive tract prevent infection?

3. What is the normal microbiota commonly found in the vagina?

4. Under what conditions does vaginitis occur?

5. Differentiate between urethritis, cytitis, and pyelonephritis.

6. How do UTIs typically begin? Why are females more prone to UTIs?

7. How are UTIs treated? What other condition(s) may arise from treatment?

8. Describe the features of the three stages of untreated syphilis.

9. How is congenital syphilis transmitted? What are some of the results of congenital syphilis in a newborn baby?

10. How is syphilis diagnosed and treated?

11. How is genital herpes transmitted?

12. Describe the life cycle of HSV-2 infection, latency, and reactivation.

13. It has been stated that the actual number of people in the USA who have genital herpes may be a lot higher than official statistics depict. What are some possible reasons for this discrepancy?

14. How does HPV cause warts?

15. How does a Pap smear screen for cerival cancers?

16. How can HPV infections be prevented?

Answer 1

Answer 1) urinary tract infection is very common infection. It occurs when bacteria travels through the urine into the bladder. The function of urinary tract is to store the urine. Though UTI's are very common but then also they can be prevented l by urine because urine does not contain any bacteria and one way flow prevent infection.

Estrogen hormone also prevents infection by changing the lining of the va-gina and making it tough for the bacteria to cause infection.