Question

1. Which of the following compounds function as a second messenger during cell signaling process?

CDK. Akt. Retinoic acid. cAMP

2. Apoptosis is very important for a number of developmental events, which include all of the followingEXCEPT?

Involution of mammary gland during the dry period

Tissue atrophy

Adipocyte hyperplasia

Immune system development

3. Muscle fiber increases in diameter mainly due to increase in the number of myofibrils. Myofibrils increase in number and lengths due to all of the following EXCEPT?

Existing myofibrils split to increase in number.

Adding sarcomeres in both ends of existing myofibrils to increase in length.

Enhancing myofibrillar protein synthesis to increase the diameter of existing myofibrils, so that they can undergo splitting.

Accelerating myofibrillar protein degradation.

Answer 1

CAMP ACT ASA A SECOND MESSENGER DURING CELL SIGNALLING BECAUSE IT IS PRODUCED AFTER HORMONE OR LIGAND HAS BEEN BOUND TO CELLS AND IT CAN RESULTS IN HUGE NUMBER OF DOWNSTREAM MOLECULES WHICH CAN SHOW THE EEFCT OF THE HORMONES...OTHER LIKE AKT IS AN EFFECTOR MOLECULE.

CDK IS CELLULAR KINASE .

RETINOIC ACID IS A LIGAND.

2) adipocytes hyperplasia is not included by APOPTOSIS because it is increase in the size of the adipocytes.all other option includes APOPTOSIS.

3)all other option will be applied except the accelerating myifibrillar protein degradation because it will affect the myofibrils.