Question

1. Exercising in a warm environment will increase fluid losses from sweat, but the body responds by lowering fluid loss from the urine. Explain mechanistically how the body decreases urine output during exercise. Be sure to mention specific hormones and organs that are involved.

Answer 1

Exercising in hot environment leads to loss of body water aur body fluids sweat so to maintain the fluid level body respond by decreasing urine output. Mechanism of lowering urine output during exercise is :

Loss of water in body due to sweat during exercise results in hyperosmolar blood or decrease in water content in blood which is detected by osmoreceptors (thirst centre) present in hypothalamus . These osmoreceptors stimulate the Supra optic nuclei of hypothalamus to release antidiuretic hormone or vasopressin from neurohypophysis into bloodstream And through blood circulation ADH reaches the tubular part of neuron and increases the conditional reabsorption of water from urine in DCT and collecting duct ie latter tubular part of nephron so urine become hypertonic and less in volume thereby decreasing diuresis or urine output .