Question

Question 1. Metabolic syndrome. Compare/contrast muscle and adipose tissue in the lean state versus chronic inflammatory state.

Answer 1

Adipose Tissue:

Adipose tissue are not just storage reservoir but also play critical role by acting as endocrine organs. during the chronic inflammatory condition they become enlarge ( adipocyte hypertrophy and hyperplasia) . It develope the hepatic steatosis ( fatty liver) and insulin resistance ( onset of type-2 diabetes). Increase in lipolysis , macrophage recruitment, oxidative stress on the liver.

Muscle Tissue:

Lipid deposition increases in myocytes which also leads to substantial volumetric muscle loss and insulin resistance. Muscle fibrosis occurs due to 1) increase in fibrotic extracellula matrix 2) over expression of intergrins and poor adhesion 3) increased level of transforming growth factors 4) Increase complement activation.

Chronic inflammatory state, may lead to cancer hypertenstion, cardiovascula diseases and Type-2 diabetes.