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Whats the challenge of designing a vaccine for sleeping sickness (Trypanosoma brucei)?

Whats the challenge of designing a vaccine for sleeping sickness (Trypanosoma brucei)?

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Answer: African sleeping sickness is caused by Trypanosoma brucei. Trypanosoma brucei is belong to Trypanosoma phylum. But development of vaccine against it quite challenging because of following reasons:

· Antigenic variation: It has millions of variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) in coat. But rearrangement of genes will change the marked VSG due to antigenic variation.

· IgM isotypes: In response to VSG based vaccine, immune system produce IgM antibodies which has very short life time.

· Non-variable surface molecule: Flagellar pocket (FP) based vaccines provide temporary immunity at low infection.

· Suppression of B-cell homeostasis and memory cells: Anti-trypanosoma vaccines leads to suppress the B-cells and its memory cells.

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