Ans: Total water content stored in the soil is
referred to as soil moisture and it depends upon temperature,
precipitation, and soil characteristics.
- Rainfall causes short term fluctuation in soil
moisture content as rainwater infiltrate within the soil and raise
their moisture content.
- Irrigation also increases soil moisture
content if done appropriately. However, irrigation can have adverse
effects if soil and water are not compatible.
- Groundwater also affects soil moisture content
in areas where water table is shallow or near to the surface.
- The rate of evaporation affects soil moisture
content. A high evaporation rate allows the loss of water from
highly irrigated areas and decreases the soil moisture
content.
- Framing practices and use of land can have long term effects on
soil moisture content.