Question

1. Explain short and briefly.
2. 1. What are the 2 main functions of meiosis?
   2. Is Mitosis more like Meiosis I or Meiosis II? Briefly explain.
   3. Assume that each blue chromosome has an allele B, while each pink chromosome has an allele b. What will be the final genotypes of the sperm or egg cells at the end of Meiosis II?
   4. Do the spindles appear to serve a similar function in meiosis as they do in mitosis? Briefly explain.
   5. Over evolutionary time, organisms can change their total number of chromosomes. There are advantages to increasing one’s number of chromosomes; for example, you can have more genes in which to encode more proteins that perform more functions. Based on seeing the complicated, intricate movements of the chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis, describe a possible Disadvantage of having “extra” chromosomes.

Answer 1

Meiosis plays an important role in dividing the DNA content into two halves . The number of chromosomes reduced to half in the meiosis which is important for the maintainence of the same number of chromosomes in the progeny as the sexual reproduction involves the fusion of the two gametes one from the father sperm and other from the mother ovum carrying half the chromosomes . The other major function of the meiosis is the generation of variations in the sexual reproduction . The crossing over that occurs in the pachytene stage of the prophase I of the Meiosis 1 result in the crossing over . Crossing over is defined as a process for the exchange of genetic material between the to homologous chromosomes . Homologous chromosomes is defined as the chromosomes that have same structure and size and that have the same location of the same allele . The crossing over result in New combination of characters that are inherited into the progeny with the gametes . Mitosis is more like Meiosis II . The mitosis involves five processes that is prophase in which the condensation of the genetic material takes place after the synthesis phase. Synthesis phase involves doubling of the genetic material . Metaphase involves the alignment of chromosomes on the equator . Anaphase involves movement of chromosomes towards the opposite pole . Telophase involves the decondensation of genetic material and reach to the pole then the the separation of cytoplasm that is cytokinesis takes place. The meiosis 1 involves crossing over , formation of crossing sites , diakinesis that doesn't takes place in the Meiosis II and the Mitosis . Mitosis also involves the the same processes as Meiosis 1 that is doubling of genetic material , prophase , metaphase , anaphase , telophase and cytokinesis as explained in detailed .

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