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1) Describe the flanking of eukaryotic genes by nucleosome-free regions and explain how nucleosomes are altered...

1) Describe the flanking of eukaryotic genes by nucleosome-free regions and explain how nucleosomes are altered during gene transcription.

2) Explain how DNA methylation affects transcription.

Can you clarify these processes. I am having trouble understanding these processes

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Answer #1

1. Nucleosome describes DNA wrapped around histones. The flanking areas around the genes are nucleosome free, which allows the promoters to bind for efficient transcription. DNA in nucleosome is unwound during transcription, to allow them to be accessed by the DNA polymerase.

2. DNA methylation involves addition of methyl groups to cytosine and adenine bases. Often this methylation marks the DNA as transcriptionally inactive. Methyl groups hamper accessibility of such DNA by transcriptional elements.

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