Question

1. What is the function of the kidneys? There may be more than one answer. Select one or more:

a. Maintain the plasma osmolarity

b. Maintain the body temperature

c. Produce formed elements

d. Produce renin and erythropoeitin

e. Produce anti-diuretic hormone

2.

What is TRUE about the anti-diuretic hormone? There may be more than one answer.

a. Anti-diuretic hormone is a vasopressin which causes a vasoconstriction of arterioles to increase blood pressure.

b. Anti-diuretic hormone is produced at the supra-optic nuclei and/or the para-ventricular nuclei in the hypothalamus but is secreted at the posterior pituitary gland.

c. Fasting increases the plasma osmolarity, lowers the blood pressure and blood volume, which are the stimuli that increase the secretion of the anti-diuretic hormone in the blood.

d. Anti-diuretic hormone targets the principal cells of the distal convoluted tubule and the collecting duct.

e. Anti-diuretic hormone promotes a decrease in water reabsorption at its target cells.

3.

What are the characteristics of an artery? There may be more than one answer.

a. More resistance

b. Volume reservoir

c. Transports the blood away from the heart

d. Less distensible

e. Aorta is the largest artery and it also has the highest pressure

f. Does not have any smooth muscle

g. Transports molecules in and out of the wall

Answer 1

1. Kidney is a bean shaped structure located on the either side of the spine. Function of kidney include regulation of pH, regulation of osmolarity, removal of waste products, production of hormones, amd maintainence of fluid balance.

   a. Maintain the plasma osmolarity

   d. Produce renin and erythropoeitin

2. ADH hormone:

a. Anti-diuretic hormone is a vasopressin which causes a vasoconstriction of arterioles to increase blood pressure.

b. Anti-diuretic hormone is produced at the supra-optic nuclei and/or the para-ventricular nuclei in the hypothalamus but is secreted at the posterior pituitary gland.

3. Artery: is a blood vessel which carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the differnt parts of the body.

characteristics of an artery include

c. Transports the blood away from the heart

e. Aorta is the largest artery and it also has the highest pressure