Question

A 62-year-old alcoholic presents to the emergency room with 8 hours of severe abdominal pain and vomiting. Physical examination discloses exquisite abdominal tenderness. Serum levels of amylase and lipase are elevated.

Questions: These laboratory data indicate that this patient has suffered injury to which of the following internal organs?

What would be the likely diagnosis of the patient?

The organ being describe function as both an exocrine and endocrine gland. The endocrine function is located in cluster found within the organ and is called what?

A 58-year old white man with no significant medical history presented with a pearly nodule on the dorsum of the nose. A 5-mm punch excisional biopsy was performed with surgical orientation. Histological analysis of the frozen sections revealed positive margins at 12, 3, and 6 o’clock positions. Multiple nests of tumor cells were seen budding into the dermis from the basal cell layer. They were primarily located at the dermal-epidermal junction. The basaloid cells had hyperchromatic but uniform nuclei and formed a peripheral palisading pattern.

Questions:

Based on the histopathological findings, this is a probable type of what  cancer?

Describe the morphological structures of the cell and compare it to its normal state.

Answer 1

Chronic liver damage from a variety of causes leading to scarring and liver failure.

Hepatitis and chronic alcohol abuse are frequent causes. Liver damage caused by cirrhosis can't be undone, but further damage can be limited.

Serum amylase levels were abnormally elevated in 27 patients (35%; 22 liver cirrhosis, 5 CAH), whereas serum lipase levels were elevated in 16 patients (21%; 15 liver cirrhosis, 1 CAH). In 9 of the 27 hyperamylasemic patients, the hyperamylasemia was of pancreatic type.

It is evident that the organ that has damage is liver