Question

1. Metabolism is the sum of all chemical reactions in the body. Define catabolism and anabolism.
2. Why do we mention cellular respiration when discussing metabolism?
3. What are water-soluble versus fat-soluble vitamins? Essential vs Nonessential?
4. Name 4 minerals that we must get from our diet.
5. What is RDA?
6. How long does the absorptive state last? Postabsorptive state?
7. What is main hormone for the absorptive state? Postabsorptive state?
8. Besides making bile, what else do hepatocytes do?
9. Once cholesterol is made, it is released from the hepatocytes in what 2 ways?
10. How are lipids transported:
    1. (1) from the GI tract to the liver?
    2. (2) from the liver to adipose and other tissues?
    3. (3) from blood and cells back to the liver?
11. What are the key differences between chylomicrons, VLDL, LDL, HDL? What is considered "good" cholesterol?
12. Briefly describe the stages of cellular respiration, including how much ATP is made and where in the cell, when oxygen is present.
13. What is BMR? How is it determined? What is TMR?
14. What factors affect metabolic rate?
15. Why do we discuss heat production with metabolic rate?

Answer 1

Metabolism = The entire collection of chemical transformations occurring in a living system
It includes anabolism and catabolism
Anabolism:
Biosynthetic reactions
Endothermic nature
Small molecules ---> Large molecules
Ex: Photosynthesis

Catabolism:
Degradation reactions
Exothermic nature
Large molecules ---> Small molecules
Ex: Respiration

Cellular respiration is a catbolic process that involves the sequential breakdown/oxidation of glucose to produce energy in the form of ATP.
Hence it is discussed in the metabolism.

Water-soluble vitamins = Vitamin C, Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Pyridoxine, Folic acid, Pantothenic acid, Biotin, and vitamin B12.

Fat-soluble vitamins = ADEK

Essential vitamins cannot be produced by the body and have to be obtained from the diet.
Ex: Vitamin A

Non-essential vitamins can be produced by the body
Ex: Vitamin D and Biotin
Ex: Vitamin A