Question

The central dogma is a two-step process by which the sequence of base pairs in DNA determines the sequence of amino acids that make up the corresponding protein.

1. For each step, describe the main goal and the location in which the process takes place in a mammalian cell.
2. Predict the corresponding amino acid for the portion of the DNA strand that reads ‘GTT’.
3. How is the corresponding amino acid affected if there is a genetic mutation and the template now reads ‘GTG’?

Answer 1

A) There are two steps found in the Central Dogma for attaining the goal:

1) Transcription:

Main goal: This process leads to synthesise the mRNA from the template strand of DNA by the action of RNA polymerase.

Location: It takes place in the nucleus of the cell.

2) Translation:

Main goal: This process leads to translate the mRNA in to protein.

tRNA, mRNA and ribosomes are involved in this process.

Location: It takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell.

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B) The DNA strand is GTT.

The mRNA is found to be complementary to the DNA strand. The codon sequence of mRNA is 5' CUU 3'

Now look in the mRNA codon chart. The CUU encodes leucine (leu) amino acid.

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C) The GTT is mutated to GTG. Now the mRNA codon sequence is CUC.

Now look in the mRNA codon chart. The CUC encodes ​​​​​​leucine (leu) amino acid. This is the case of silent mutation.

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