Question

Regarding age-related changes in the urinary system, the total number of kidney nephrons drops by 75-85 percent between ages 25 and 85.

True

False

With age, the distal portions of the nephron and the entire collecting system become less responsive to antidiuretic hormone (ADH). As a result, urination becomes more frequent, and daily fluid requirements increase.

True

False

What is the primary function of the distal convoluted tubule?

production of vasopressin

increased retention of sodium ions

secretion

filtration

providing support to the nephron

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) controls the permeability of the ________.

proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)

collecting system

nephron loop

glomerulus

trigone

The kidneys, adrenal glands, and ureters, which lie against the muscles of the posterior body wall, are all ________.

at the level between C7 and T3

medial to the aorta

retroperitoneal

intraperitoneal

at the level between T10 and L1

Answer 1

1. The statement is false. This is because there is no evidence of CKD by 100% in the elderly. If the statement was true, then all of the individuals reaching the age of 60+ are likely to undergo dialysis which is never true.

2. The statement given here is absolutely true. The information given here is a common finding of the ageing process affecting the kidney.

3. Active secretion is the primary function of distal convoluted tubule which is marked here as option (c)

4. ADH is one which controls the permeability factor water in both DCT and the collecting duct. This is given here as the collecting system which is the ocrrect answer.