Question

Case Studies Tasks:

1. Revisit Jane (One Last Time): Jane was riding her horse on a warm sunny day (101 degrees Fahrenheit) when suddenly her horse stopped and reared up in the air. Jane was not prepared for this and fell hard backwards into the ground. As she hit the ground Jane's leg was gashed open by a large, sharp boulder that she fell next to. Jane began to bleed severely. Jane's body spends the next couple hours physiologically compensating for her blood loss. From what we have learned so far this quarter, we know that her blood loss causes blood volume, blood pressure, and cardiac output to plummet. Through a Urinary lens, but including other systems: Create a diagram to explain how Jane's body is physiologically responding to the blood loss in order to restore to homeostasis and how that will affect urine production. Make sure to include the following:
   • Nephron
   • Collecting Duct
   • Aldosterone
   • ADH
   • Renin
   • Angiotensin II
   • Water
   • Sodium ions
   • Glomerular Filtration Rate (and pressures affecting it)
   • Afferent arterioles
   • Efferent arterioles
   • Nitric Oxide (NO)
   • ATP
   • Vasoconstriction/Vasodilation
   • Epinephrine
   • Adrenal Medulla
   • juxtaglomerular apparatus

2. Brian recently went to the doctor due to symptoms of headaches, anxiety, vision impairment, and confusion. After performing some diagnostic tests the Doctor received the following results in regards to blood pH, pCO₂. The Doctor also found this situation to be chronic rather than acute. Based on the data below, provide the diagnosis (Based on what you have covered in this unit) and create a diagram that shows how the renal system would compensate to bring the body back to normal. In your diagram, make sure to include at least:

• Renal tubules, arterioles, bicarbonate buffer, H⁺ ions

ABGs:

pH - 7.30

pCO2 - 50 mmHg

HCO3- - 28 mEq/L

Answer 1

2) THIS state is a metabolic acidosis state in which pco2 levels are INCREASED. Its compensation by kidneys in mainly in 4 ways:-

1. Reabsorption of HCO3

2. Addition of new HCO3

3. Excretion of ammonium ions

4. Also there is H excretion by I cells of kidney.