Question

We have learned that the structure of a macromolecule such as protein often determines the function. Any change in the bonds’ orientation may change the overall 3-D structure of the protein and affect its activities and functions. We also know that our body should keep the homeostasis of pH and temperature in the internal environment (around body cells). Using this knowledge, why are high fevers and fluctuations of pH very dangerous?  What would happen to the protein structure and its effectiveness if pH and temperature vary, keeping in mind that proteins make up most hormones, enzymes, hemoglobin, and antibodies?

Answer should be 300-500 words long and supported with at least one source.

Answer 1

1)

• If the temperature goes too high,the persons brain enzyme loose its shape and stop working,and leads to denature which can cause delirium.
• Each enzymes has an optimum PH range,If the PH levels change from its original range slows down the enzyme activity.
• Extreme PH values can denature the enzymes and dangerous to human body.

2)

• Changes in the pH and temperature affects the normal chemistry of the amino acid residues and cause denaturation ,because the amino acid residues changes whether they participate or not in hydrogen bonding due to protonation,So a change in pH can leads to denature a protein.
• The pH dependence is usually due to the side groups of amino acids.A change in pH changes the protonation pattern and can causes prtein denaturation,therefore the proteins stabilizes the enzyme structure and thus keeping it active at sub optimal pH values.