Question

1. A patient is given 1 liter of 5% Dextrose in Water which is Isosmotic and Hypotonic. Greater than 2/3 of the fluid administered will ultimately end up in the ________________ when the system reaches equilibrium.

     a. The interstitial compartment
     b. The plasma
     c. The interstitial compartment and plasma combined
     d. The cells
     e. The transcellular compartment
    

2. A patient comes to the hospital with cerebral edema (swelling of the brain cells which results in increased intracerebral pressure).   You have six solutions that you could possibly give them (listed below) in their vascular system that would pull water out of the brain cells and into the vascular system. Which solution would be best to give the patient if you had only the information provided below?

     a. A hyposmotic hypotonic solution
     b. A hyperosmotic hypertonic solution
     c. A isosmotic hypotonic solution
     d. A isosmotic isotonic solution
     e. A hyperosmotic isotonic solution
     

3. Which of the following is/are TRUE regarding Osmolarity and Tonicity when dealing with human cells?

     a. A Hypertonic solution is always Hyperosmotic
     b. A Isotonic solution may be Isosmotic or Hyperosmotic but not Hyposmotic
     c. A Hypotonic solution may be Hyposmotic, Isosmotic or Hyperosmotic
     d. All of the above are true
     e. None of the above is true

The following solution is used for question 4.

0.9% saline (NaCl solution), commonly referred to clinically as Normal saline, is isosmotic and isotonic to cells in the body. Serum osmolarity is normally around 290 mOsm/liter.  

4.    Now, what would happen clinically if one infused 500 ml of Normal Saline into the vascular system of a patient? In other words, how would the water and ions (Na and Cl) be distributed in the plasma, interstitial fluid and intracellular compartment? From each grouping of three choices, pick the correct statement for each group.

A. Pick one choice from a, b and c below:

a.       The infused water would be distributed evenly between the extracellular compartment and the cells.

b.      The infused water would be distributed mostly to the intracellular space as opposed to the extracellular space.

c.       The infused water would be distributed between the extracellular compartment and very little would enter the cells.

B. Pick one choice from d, e and f below:

d.      The ions would be distributed evenly between the extracellular compartment and the cells.

e.       The ions would be distributed mostly to the intracellular space as opposed to the extracellular space.

f.        The ions would be distributed between the extracellular compartment and very little would enter the intracellular space.

Answer 1

1). A. . The interstitial compartment as this is the compartment which is first to be filled up after cell takes enough fluid according to their requirement...

2. B - b. A hyperosmotic hypertonic solution....

3) A,B -  a. A Hypertonic solution is always Hyperosmotic
     b. A Isotonic solution may be Isosmotic or Hyperosmotic but not Hyposmotic...

4A) C. -   The infused water would be distributed between the extracellular compartment and very little would enter the cells
4B) E. -   The ions would be distributed mostly to the intracellular space as opposed to the extracellular space.

note - dear student these questions are based on fact... So there is not much to explain .. they are totally based on facts and are part of osmosis...