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EXPLAIN THREE (3) SIDE EFFECTS THAT A PATIENT WOULD HAVE WHEN PRESENTING LOW SEROLOGICAL CONCENTRATIONS OF...

EXPLAIN THREE (3) SIDE EFFECTS THAT A PATIENT WOULD HAVE WHEN PRESENTING LOW SEROLOGICAL CONCENTRATIONS OF IgG, IgA, and IgE, BUT NORMAL OR HIGH SERUMIC LEVELS OF IgM.

Science   Anatomy-And-Physiology   
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This condition is called HyperIgM syndrome. Serum persons with this syndrome contains elevated levels of IgM, but low levels of IgA or IgE and extremely low levels of IgG, although the number of B and T cells is normal.

  1. As levels of opsonizing IgG antibodies is low, patient is at increased risk of having recurrent pyogenic infections.
  2. Sometimes, IgM react with blood cells, giving rise to autoimmune hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia and neutropenia.
  3. In older patients, there may be proliferation of IgM producing plasma cells that infiltrate the mucosa of GIT.
  4. Some patients have IgM syndrome because of CD40L mutations. These patients are at increased risk of Pneumocystis jiroveci infection as CD40L-mediated macrophage activation is defective.
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