Question

Heart Physiology

1. The period of ventricular relaxation is called _________ and the period of ventricular contraction is called _________. The first heart sound is heard during _________ and the second heart sound is heard during ________. The volume of blood in one ventricle at the end of systole is called _________; the volume of blood in the ventricle at the end of diastole is called ________; the volume of blood that is ejected during systole is called the _________
2. The 5 phases of the cardiac cycle are ____________. Blood leaves the ventricles during __________; blood enters the ventricles during ________.
3. The pacemaker cells of the heart are located in the ___________. Pacemaker cells are needed in order to activate __________ which are responsible for ____________.   Electrical activity spreads from the SA node to the ____________ and finally to the ________ which trigger the contraction of the ________.
4. The three phases of the action potential of non-pacemaker cells are __________. ________ is caused by the influx of _________. Calcium influx during the ________ triggers the release of calcium from the _________. This calcium is necessary to allow for ________
5. The three waves of the EKG are ___________. The _________ precedes ventricular contraction; the ________ precedes atrial contraction. Repolarization of the ventricles generates the ________.
6. The cardiac output is __________ it is equal to SV x ______. The cardiac reserve is the ________
7. The maximum pressure generated by the ventricle is called the ___________. The minimum pressure generated by the ventricle is called the _________. The average pressure during one cardiac cycle is called the _________. The SP, DP, PP, MAP of a patient with a blood pressure reading of 120/80 is ___________.
8. The baroreceptor reflex: High blood pressure activates baroreceptors in the _______ which relay information through CN ________ to the __________ and _________ centers. The integrating centers will _______ blood vessels and __________ HR which will ________. Low blood pressure will lead to ______ of blood vessels, _______ of contractility, and ________ HR.
9. The DP and SP values for Normal blood pressure, Prehypertension, Stage 1 hypertension and stage 2 hypertension are _________
   
   

Answer 1

Diastole ; Systole ; closure of mitral and tricuspid valves ; the closure of aortic and pulmonary valves ; end systolic volume ; end diastolic volume ; stroke volume.

5 phases of cardiac cycle are: ventricular filling, atrial contraction, isovolumetric contraction, ventricular ejection phase, isovolumetric relaxation.

Ventricular ejection phase ; atrial diastole or ventricular filling.

Sinoatrial node ; HCN channels ; action potential ; Atrioventricular node ; Purkinje fibres ; ventricle.