Question

this is a pharmacology question.

In NOT more than three (3) sentences:

1. List the possible mechanisms by which ganglion blockers like trimethaphan may act as an antihypertensive and predict its possible adverse effects.
2. What makes the amount of renin released in the body the major determinant of the rate of angiotensin II production and not the levels of angiotensinogen?
3. Explain briefly how an increase in systemic blood pressure would lead to a decrease in renin release?
4. Why do you expect an ACE inhibitor to increase renin release and the rate of formation of angiotensin I?
5. Explain briefly why the effectiveness of oral furosemide would be lowered in patients with severe chronic congestive heart failure.
6. What accounts for the decrease inhibitory effect of loop diuretics on sodium transport in patients with nephrotic syndrome?
7. Briefly explain why a Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor would cause more pronounced hypokalemia than a typical thiazide diuretic.

Answer 1

MECHANISM BY WHICH TRIMETHOPHAN ACT AS AN ANTIHYPERTENSIVE

Trimethophan is a ganglion blocker that specifically blocks the ganglions and these medication will cause prevention of the post synaptic receptors specifically by competing with the acetylcholine for the receptors . This will cause a reduction in the heart rate and also sympathetic tone reduction will occur and this will result in the reduction of the blood pressure as heart rate and peripheral resistance are the main factors for maintainace of blood pressure and when heart rate reduction and vasodilation occur it will result in reduction in blood pressure .

ADVERSE EFFECTS ARE

• Impairment of the pupilary reflex
• Orthostatic hypotension
• Vomuting ans nausea
• Reaction that is histamine like in our body
• Respiratory depression
• Respiratory arrest
• urinary retension in the individual's

These are the main adverse effects