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Essay: John has been hospitalized with blood pressure issues. Can you explain to John how blood...

Essay: John has been hospitalized with blood pressure issues. Can you explain to John how blood pressure is regulated? Please include all Long-term mechanisms involved and please explain everything in detail. In direct mechanisms detail in response to hypotension and hypertension. In indirect detail what would happen if a hypotensive state in encountered.

Science   Anatomy-And-Physiology   
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Answer #1

Blood pressure is mainly regulated by renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.

When blood pressure decreases (hypotension), kidney cells release renin. Renin is an enzyme responsible for conversion of angiotensinogen into angiotensin I which is converted into angiotensin II with the help of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE). Angiotensin II increases the blood pressure by many changes. It stimulates sympathetic nervous system to increase heart rate, releases aldosterone which increases reabsorption in the kidney and enhances thirst, angiotensin II also causes vasoconstriction to raise the blood pressure. It also activates the release of anti-diuretic hormone to restore the blood volume.

In case of hypertension renin release is suppressed resulting into decreased level of angiotensin II and ultimately blood pressure decreases.

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