Question

Some pain impulses are blocked by inhibitory endogenous opioids (natural pain killers) including _______.

Question 14 options:

a)

potassium

b)	substance P

c)	bradykinin

d)

ATP

e)	endorphins

Answer 1

e) Endorphin

Explanation: Endorphins consist of a large group of peptides. They are produced by the central nervous system and the pituitary gland. Endorphins act on the opiate receptors in the brains, they reduce pain and boost pleasure, resulting in a feeling of well-being.

Bradykinin is a potent endothelium-dependent vasodilator and mild diuretic, which may cause a lowering of the blood pressure. It also causes contraction of non-vascular smooth muscle in the bronchus and gut, increases vascular permeability and is also involved in the mechanism of pain.

The sensory function of substance P is the transmission of pain information into the central nervous system.

ATP provides the energy.