Question

Identify all anatomical structures related to and/or that are being affected based on the patient case information. (i.e. tissues, organs, vessels, brain components, membranes)

Explain how the anatomical structures and their physiological function/dysfunction are interrelated normally and what is going wrong with the structures in this current patient case information.

Identify and explain possible a diagnosis and what can be done to fix or reverse the current situation described in the patient case information. Please be specific and detailed.

Patient Case (Initial Review): (*before reading if you have dealt with anything related to this situation, please no that I mean no added stress and I have dealt with something similar personally so I completely understand)

Donna is a 35 year old female who is married and has a 5 year old daughter. Donna recently found out she was pregnant, but last week at 12 weeks she started to spot and went to see the doctor. At the doctors, Donna found out she was having a miscarriage and the doctors decided to look at her blood type and seemed very alarmed and asked her who her doctor was for her first child. Her blood type was A-.

Answer 1

Blood Rh typing incompatibility arises when there is a mismatch between maternaland fetal Rh factor that could cause development of antibodies against the fetal blood cells. This condition is usually harmless until the mother's second pregnancy or “sensitized" . This is the reason behind the Donna's miscarriage of second pregnancy. When Donna who is A-ve group carrying one another Rh-positive child, Donna's own antibodies consider the the Rh proteins on the surface of the fetal blood cells as foreign and attack those cells by passing the antibodies via placental bloodstream.

It leads to various complications including erythroblastosis fetalis. It is a hemolytic anemia due to transplacental transmission of maternal antibodies to RBCs of fetus.