Question

Describe the cellular mechanism of :

1- How glucose molecules are transported by the epithelial cells from the small intestine to the circulation. Your answer should describe types of transporters involved and their mechanism of action.

2- Electrical activities of the pancreatic beta cells that lead to insulin secretion.

3- Binding of insulin to its receptor and the activated intracellular transduction pathways .

Answer 1

Question no 1

This transport of Glucose from the digestive tract to the wall of small intestine occur through the villu present in the surface of small intestine from there it travel to the circulatory system that is the blood . Transport from the small intestine to blood takes place through the cotransporter in the wall of the interstitial layes if small intestine of our body . This transport required Energy as it occurs againt the concentration gradient of glucose . They transport through facilitated diffusion process against the concentration gradient. It takes place through the GLUT2 . The sodium potassium ATP ase is the one responsible for the action and the driving force is the sodium movement out if cell and the Glucose movement into blood .