Question

1.Explain why a patient gets thirsty with high levels of sodium.

2.Explain how the afferent arteriole being larger than the efferent arteriole assists the urinary system in its function of blood filtering.

23) Which of the following statements is true? (1 point)

A) The micturition reflex can be controlled by the internal urinary sphincter muscle

B) The parasympathetic nervous system helps control the external urinary sphincter

C) The sympathetic nervous system inhibits micturition

D) The micturition reflex is voluntary

E) The micturition reflex is often stimulated by dehydration

24) Diabetes Mellitus can lead to (2 point)

A) High levels of sodium in the blood

B) Elevated levels of potassium in the blood

C) Reduced levels of calcium in the urine

D) Increased potassium in the urine

E) Decreased sodium in the urine

7) The DCT secretes hydrogen ions in exchange for sodium ions by the process of (1 point)

A) Antiport.

B) Facilitated diffusion.

C) Active transport.

D) Cotransport.

E) Diffusion.

Answer 1

1.ANSWER: Due to conspumtion of high levels of salt by the person the concentration increases and hence to decrease the concentration of salt consumed one feels thristy i.e., to dilute the salt solution. Also the kidneys help to dilute the salt too by conserving more of water from the tubules.

23. ANSWER: Sympathetic nervous system inhibits micturition.

Reason: Due to stimulation of sympathetic nervous system, bladder accomodation occurs and hence micturition reflex is suppressed.

24. ANSWER: High level of sodium in the blood.

Reason: Due to osmotic diuresis in hyperglycemic individuals, hypernatremia occurs.

25. ANSWER: Cotransport.

Reason: Cotransport is a form of active transport which secretes hydrogen ions into the lumen.