Question

Individuals living in high altitudes usually experience erythrocytosis, a condition in which the blood contains abnormally large numbers of RBCs. Erythrocytosis generally results from the massive release of erythropoietin (EPO). Individuals living at very high altitudes of10,000 - 12,000 feet may have extremely high levels of RBCs. Answer the following questions related to high levels of RBCs.

1) WhIch organ is important in the production and release of EPO, and for what purpose is EPO released?

2) Explain the physiologic reasons individuals living at high altitudes would need to more RBCs?

3) An individual whose heart or lungs are functioning inadequately may also develop erythrocytosis. For example, this condition is commonly seen in cases of heart failure and emphysema. The advantage of extra RBCs is obvious; but, a much higher concentration of RBCs makes circulating blood thicker. Why might this make a bad situation even worse?

Answer 1

1. Erythropoietin is released from kidney - junta glomerular apparatus.   

Erythropoietin increases the red blood cells due to hypoxia produced by high altitudes .

2. In high altitude due to low partial pressure of oxygen , hypoxia will be created . Hypoxia is detected by juxta glomerular apparatus and produces erythropoietin. Erythropoietin increases red blood cells. Increased red blood cells increases oxygen carrying capacity of the blood and decreases the hypoxia in high altitude.

3. Increased red blood cells - erythrocytosis causes the blood viscosity increased , increased blood clot formation, increased stroke episodes .